Bullying Is A Common Problem - 881 Words

Bullying is a common problem. Bullying is very negative and creates bigger problems for society. Since many people don`t take bullying serious, they are often left shocked and confused when an incident occurs as a result of bullying. This essay is about dealing with bullying and one teens desparate struggle to deal with the issue; which ultimately led to her suicide at the age of 15. There are many forms of bullying. Two types of bullying that Amanda experienced was emotional bullying, which includes spreading rumors, manipulating social relationships, or engaging in social exclusion, extortion, or intimidation and physical bullying which involves hitting, kicking, spitting, pushing, and taking personal belongings. The second form of bullying is sexual bullying, which involves sexual harassment and sexual abuse. (Regoli, Hewitt, Delisi,2014). There are many emotions experienced, when someone is bullied. Despite the fact, it might not show intially, a lot could be going on internally. As a result of being bullied Amanda experienced anxiety, major depression, and panic disorder. She handled with it by revolving to drugs, alcohol, and sex. In return, she suffered more pain and cause damaged to herself, as she struggled to be accepted by her peers, find someone who cares, and just to mean something to someone. Reading Amanda story I felt a sense of pity for her. I had many questions as to how she could literally feel like she has no one. Did she post her video,Show MoreRelatedBullying Is A Common Problem Among Children And Adolescents996 Words   |  4 PagesBullying is a common problem among children and adolescents (Wang, Nansel, Lannotti, 2011). Bullying takes different forms include physical (hitting), verbal (name-calling), and rational (social isolation) which are typically known as traditional bullying or cyber bullying which occurs on the internet (Wang, Nansel, Lannotti, 2011). The purpose of the paper is to examine the situations and contexts that promote cyber and traditional bullying by reviewing studies that suggest (1) increased technologyRead MoreBullying Effects900 Words   |  4 PagesCauses and Effects of Bullying Every year, approximately 7 percent of students report to being bullied (â€Å"Physical†). Most people know bullying is wrong, but it continues to play a dominating role in the lives of adolescents. Whether the bullying was done by spreading rumors, calling someone names or through the Internet, there are many different causes of bullying, why it occurs, and how it effects the victim. The causes of bullying can influence how the bully decides to target a victim. VictimsRead MoreBullying And The Act Of Bullying Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages----------- One may assume bullying in schools was all too common. And of course, in the end, they would absolutely right. For whether one has been the victim of bullying or, perhaps, a perpetrator of it, themselves, one has no doubt been exposed to stories of bullies through friends and family, as much as through movies and media. Indeed, it seems like bullying itself is a theme inseperable theme from one’s childhood or adolescent experience inc school. Whether was the victim of it or not, theyRead MoreBullying Is The Rise Across The Nation1636 Words   |  7 PagesBullying is on the rise across the nation. According to the National Center for Educational Statistics, 30 percent of students of students were bullied during the 2010-2011 school year. Whether verbal or physical, bullying has a negative effect on the victims. Students who are bullied often experience depression, loneliness, anxiety, and isolation. The common types of bullying in a school setting are physical and verbal. With the rise in the use of social media, cyberbullying has become a big problemRead MoreBullying Is A Modern Threat Of The Security Of Many People Around The World1726 Words   |  7 Pagesin their life. Bullying can be so extreme that it can bring physical harm to some people. Bullying is a modern threat to the security of many people around the world. To figure out the personality of a bully we need to define types of bullying, causes of bullying, traits of bullies and possible cures of bullying. The first subject that needs clarification is the types of bullying. There are many different types of bullying in the modern world. There are four basic types of bullying; there is physicalRead MoreWhy Bullying Is Bad Or Bad?1391 Words   |  6 Pagesthere are speculations to this problem. Many causes to why people bully one another is because the bully has insecurities of their own, they are jealous of their victim, family problems arise, and they like having the power that bullying has on others. Not only does bullying affect many throughout the world, but there is many different types of bullying that affect many people. There are commonly four different types of bullying. These include physical bullying, in which is when one hits, punchesRead MoreBullying in School Should Not be Taken Lightly Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction to the problem Life as we know it today is full of many problems. Among all of the problems, bullying is likely to be the most serious and probably the worst. Statistics show that one in seven children in grades K-12 have either been bullied or are a bully. It’s likely that the issue of bullying is most common among teens. It is said that 30% of teens have been involved in bullying, as either the bully or the victim. Bullying is also common in the college and workplaces but it isRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying985 Words   |  4 PagesBullying You may hear the word bullying a lot but never actually knew what it meant, well know is the time to know and be aware of what’s happening around you. Bullying is the use of force, threat, or aggressively dominate others. Bullying is common worldwide but there are specific types that are more common than others, there are four types of common bullying one of them is verbal bullying meaning when someone calls another person name, treating, and making disrespectful comments about someone isRead MoreBullying Is A Serious Issue852 Words   |  4 Pagesoverlooked. This issue happens to be bullying. Many people would be led to believe that bullying is something that only takes place in schools, commonly among younger children. Contrary to what many may think, this is extremely inaccurate. Bullying takes place before our eyes each and every day. Bullying can take place at school, work, and online. This issue is something that should be addressed by everyone and should be avoided at all costs. What is bullying? Bullying is defined as â€Å"repeated acts ofRead MoreThe Horrific World of Bullying Essay1573 Words   |  7 Pagesthey have experienced bullying; 20 percent of them being in grades 9-12 alone (Bullying Definition). Bullying has been and will continue to be a major problem around the world; it creates many problems for everyone involved. Bullying has many definitions. Each person defines it differently based on what he or she believes. Some people believe that bullying is an attempt to control someone. Others believe that bullying is just students causing pain to their peers. To me, bullying is putting others down

Colonialism In Heart Of Darkness By Achebe - 1488 Words

Achebe’s novel ends on a western narration of colonialism that describes Africa as a place that drives civilized men to madness, which is ironically reversed when the white men drive Okonkwo to suicide. After Okonkwo’s entire life story, The Commissioner and the white men have colonized and taken over the country. The Commissioner’s narration at the end is him reflecting on the book he would write, â€Å"The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger,† which summarizes Okonkow’s novel length story into â€Å"a whole chapter†¦perhaps not a whole chapter but a reasonable paragraph,† since â€Å"there was so much else to include† (146). The Commissioner claims that including how they (Europeans) brought â€Å"civilization to different parts of†¦show more content†¦Eugene also encompasses extreme faith in religion as a Catholic, which has been instilled in him during the colonization of Nigeria. Just as the col onizers used religion and â€Å"humanitarian† efforts to justify colonization, Eugene uses his religion to justify his abuse and control in order to â€Å"colonize† his family, repeatedly reminding them that, â€Å"everything I do for you, I do for your own good† (196). He has an impossible view of perfection that involves abandoning all trace of his Nigerian past, disowning his traditional Nigerian father, limiting contract with his sister Ifeoma and her children, and even his own language. Eugene constantly attempts to be more English by speaking in a British accent, which is impossible. These impossible standards effect everyone close to him, so much so that Kambili imagines God as an old white Englishman with a British accent. Yet he is still seen as superior and heroic, much like westerns when compared to countries that are victim of a single story. Although Eugene is an embodiment of colonialism, he does not realize that he will always be a Nigerian outsid er to the English who has learned new tricks. 5. Purple Hibiscus. Discuss the reasons that the novel’s ending, while hopeful, is not quite a happyShow MoreRelatedPost Colonialism Is Not A Reference Of Time Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesPost colonialism is not a reference of time; rather it is the literary theory that encompasses the global interactions of humans after colonization and imperialist rule dominated the world. The ultimate definition is still in the wakes of developing, so there is no box this particular word can smoothly fit into. This is a literary theory; it is a lens to take in order to understand the truthfulness of all perspectives in a story. A baseline of post colonialism lies in the definition of both termsRead MoreJoseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1488 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Conrad’s s novel Heart of Darkness portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman. Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as â€Å"so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to huma n thought, so pitiless to human weakness†, (Conrad 154) as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life. Conrad lived through a time when European colonies were scattered all over the world. This phenomenon and the doctrine of colonialism bought into at his timeRead MoreThings Fall Apart And Heart Of Darkness Analysis910 Words   |  4 PagesSociological Approach to Compare Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart with Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness In everyday life, we are always comparing, even subconsciously with even knowing it. When we compare things, we look at what the similarities are in said items such as a popular brand or a generic one. Comparing things such as two literary works, Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, and, Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, both have a lot of similarities that we will look at. In Things FallRead MoreHeart of Darkness1699 Words   |  7 PagesJoseph Conrad’s s novel â€Å"Heart of Darkness† portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman. Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as â€Å"so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness†, (Conrad 2180) as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life. Conrad lived through a time when European colonies were scattered all over the world. This phenomenon and the doctrine of colonialism bought into at his timeRead MoreEssay on Images of Africa in Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart2228 Words   |  9 PagesImages of Africa in Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman.   Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness (Conrad 94), as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life, but he also manages to depict Africans as though they are not worthy of the respectRead MoreHeart of Darkness on the Flaws of Imperial Authority1024 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Heart of Darkness† on the Flaws of Imperial Authority Throughout Joseph Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness† despite the many conditions of the described Africa most if not all the characters agree that these conditions indeed differ from the conditions found in Europe. In working through conversations with Chinua Achebe’s Colonialist Criticism and An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness it can be brought to light that not only is Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness† a novel that criticizesRead More Essay Contrasting Images in Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness2233 Words   |  9 PagesContrasting Images in Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman.   Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as â€Å"so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness† (Conrad 94), as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life, but he also manages to depict Africans as though they are not worthy of the respectRead MorePostcolonial Literature: Uncovering Western Myths Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesAfrica has been the embodiment of european perspectives before and after the Colonialism; these perspectives have attempted to provide insights on the facts behind it. In those terms, Africa has been reduced an atmosphere of concepts such as deep darkness, mystery, and madness, a place in which attrocities arise at any time of the day, and people are savages and chaotic. From that colonialist viewpoint, Africa was a place that needed help and control urgently in order to save it form itself and civilizeRead MoreEssay about Heart of Darkness1745 Words   |  7 Pagesdepth review of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, a classical novella that illustrates without bias the motives behind human intentions and the extremes individuals can go to achieve wealth and profits at the expense of others with the aim of shedding insight into the rise of European imperialism, the imperial history, its politics and evil activities in the colonized African tribes along the river Congo during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The Heart of Darkness is an exceptionally figurativeRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesSociety Chinua Achebe is the author of when Things Fall Apart while Joseph Conrad authored Heart of Darkness. Conrad and Achebe set their individual titles in Africa; Achebe is an African writer whereas Conrad is Polish-British. The authors draw strength from their backgrounds to validity the authenticity of their fictional novels. Conrad writes from his experiences in the British and French navies while Achebe uses his African heritage. The theme of culture is prevalent in both Conrad’s Heart of Darkness

Drugs and Homeostasis Free Essays

1. ) Clinical Depression – is the most frequently encountered mental illness. Clinical depression is now considered a physical condition in which there is a fault in the brain chemistry. We will write a custom essay sample on Drugs and Homeostasis or any similar topic only for you Order Now It may afflict up to 5% or more of the population. Symptoms of depression include a distinct change in mood accompanied with an extreme feeling of hopelessness. Other symptoms include: loss of appetite; weight loss; headaches; sleeplessness; loss of energy; and tiredness. Symptoms of anxiety are also quite common. Suicide is common in about 15% of depressed patients. Bipolar Disorder – is also known as manic depression. It affects about 5 in 1000 people. It is characterized by severe mood swings ranging from mania to depression, with normal periods in between. During a manic phase, the individual may think that they are invincible, behave recklessly or believe in delusions such as ones of fame. During the depressive phase, the individual loses interest in their usual activities, may sleep excessively or suffer from insomnia. They may also be at risk of suicide during the depressive stage. Schizophrenia – includes disturbance of thought patterns, disturbance of affective reactions and autism or withdrawal. Secondary symptoms include hallucinations, delusions and paranoia. These symptoms all represent a loss of contact with reality. 2. ) Alcohol – is probably the most commonly abused drug in society. Of all abused drugs, it is presently the only one considered legal upon reaching of age. It has been a large part of our culture for many years and is often associated with social functions and celebrations. However, alcohol use definitely has its dark side. It is known to alter personalities and cause people to behave in manner outside their normal personalities. A night of abusing alcohol can lead embarrassment and regret once the effects have worn off. Poor judgment while drinking alcohol can lead to making deadly decisions such as drunk driving. Also, people have abused alcohol to the extent they vomit in their sleep and choke to death. Marijuana – is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) works by binding to CB1 receptors found on presynaptic membranes in the brain. These receptors function in blunting pain. THC also causes the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine which elevates mood and controls muscle movements. It has the ability of enabling the user to block out pain, frustration or confusion. In high concentrations can cause hallucinations, anxiety, depression, and psychotic symptoms. Smoking marijuana can cause lung cancer, sinusitis, and bronchitis. It increases the level of carbon monoxide in the blood which, in turn, reduces the amount of oxygen reaching the heart. Long term use can result in: impaired speech; memory loss; difficulty in understanding complex ideas; insomnia; impaired visual perception; and infertility. Cocaine – Cocaine is derived from the plant Erthoxylon coca and can be inhaled, smoked or injected. It results in a feeling of euphoria followed by depression. Cocaine acts by first stimulating the release of norepinephrine and dopamine and in higher doses the release of serotonin. Cocaine then interferes with the re-uptake of these neurotransmitters and these neurotransmitters build up in the synapse. Prolonged use will cause the body to produce less dopamine and the user will need more cocaine. Side effects include mental impairment, convulsions, hallucinations, stroke, heart attack and death. Heroin – is a highly addictive derivative of morphine. It is normally injected but can also be snorted or smoked. It operates by binding to ophioid receptors in the brain in which natural chemical endorphins are involved in the relief of pain. Prolonged use can cause less endorphin production. Side effects include: depressed respiration; impaired coordination; and decreased tolerance to pain; long term effects can include: collapsed veins; infections of heart valves and liver disease. Death can result from overdose. Rohypnol – is a drug associated with rave parties and comes from the benzodiazepine family. It is considered to be the â€Å"date rape† drug and has become famous for its use in committing sexual assault. It is often given to an unsuspecting victim by dissolving it in beverage while they are unaware. It is similar to Valium TM but has ten times its strength. In combination with alcohol, it can be deadly. Rohypnol is highly addictive and has severe withdrawal symptoms. Its use can cause deep sedation, respiratory distress, blackouts for up 24 hours, and amnesia. Ecstasy – is known as Methylene Dioxy Meth Amphetamine (MDMA) and has street names such as X, Rolls, E, Adam, Beans and Buddies. The initial use of ecstasy results in: increased heart rate; increased blood pressure; dilation of pupils and bronchi; brain stimulation; increased motor activity; tightening of jaw muscles; grinding of jaws; overheating; sweating; heat stroke; and dehydration. The long-term use of ecstasy can result in irreparable brain damage. 3. ) Higher doses of designer drugs can result in paranoia, depression and violent irrational behaviour. In general, designer drugs can create a wide range of physical problems such as: hypertension; uncontrolled tremors; total paralysis; seizures; permanent drain damage; and death. . ) Opioids – are typically used to treat pain. They can produce a feeling of euphoria by affecting regions of the brain that enable us to perceive pleasure. However, they can result in physical dependence and addiction. Tolerance of opioids can result in the need to take higher doses to achieve the same effect. Withdrawal will cause: restlessness; muscle and bone pain; ins omnia; diarrhea; vomiting; cold flashes; goose bumps; and involuntary leg movements. A large dose can lead to respiratory depression resulting in death. CNS Depressants – often used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders by slowing normal brain function. Common CNS depressants include barbiturates and Valium TM. Most CNS depressants act on the brain by affecting the neurotransmitter gammaaminobutryic acid (GABA). The function of GABA in the human body is to decrease brain activity. Therefore, increased doses will create the drowsy effect required to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Individuals can build a tolerance to CNS depressants over time and require larger doses. Withdrawals can cause the opposite effects of the drug. The mind can race out of control, possibly resulting in seizures and other problems. Stimulants – used to treat narcolepsy, obesity, depression, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These drugs enhance brain activity and result in increased alertness, energy, elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate and respiration. Examples of stimulants include Ritalin TM and Dexandrine TM. The chemical structure of stimulants is similar to the chemical structure of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. Stimulants work by increasing the amount of these neurotransmitters to the brain. An increase in dopamine results in an increase in blood pressure, increase in heart rate, constriction of blood vessels, increase in blood glucose and it opens the pathways of the respiratory system. Stimulants do not result in physical dependence or withdrawal. However, they can be used compulsively and high doses repeatedly can lead to feelings of hostility and paranoia. High doses can cause body temperatures to rise to a dangerously high level. They can also create an irregular heartbeat leading to the risk of cardiovascular failure. There is also the potential of lethal seizures. Extensions: 1. ) The pros of marijuana are that they are less harmful to use then alcohol, It also reliefs us from pain and reduces spasticity due to multiple sclerosis. It has been shown to help sufferers of severe arthritis. It can be used as an anti – epileptic and anti – depressant. It is also believed to be less addictive then many prescribed painkillers. The cons of marijuana in the treatment of chronic pain are that It increases the level of carbon monoxide in the blood which, in turn, reduces the amount of oxygen reaching the heart. Repeated use tends to lead to the inability to deal with everyday challenges. Long term use can result in: impaired speech; memory loss; difficulty in understanding complex ideas; insomnia; impaired visual perception; and infertility. Marijuana use has also been linked to reducing immunity towards disease. 2. ) The cause of manic depression is still uncertain. There appears to be a genetic link and episodes can also be triggered by stress. Chemical changes are also being studied. Manic behaviour is believed due to a high level of noradrenergic activity. This activity continues until the neurotransmitters system is depleted. It is believed that lithium may prevent mania by preventing noradrenalin depletion. 3. ) Marijuana should be legalized. For one, it is less harmful than alcohol. If they legalized it, it would allow for better regulation and taxation of the drug. It would also save money in law enforcement. Many grave that prohibition of the drugs like marijuana supports organized crime, others raise concerns about addictions and health problems. There are also concerns that it may be the â€Å"gateway† to the abuse of more dangerous drugs. How to cite Drugs and Homeostasis, Papers

Business Model Concept and Innovation Theoretical Construction

Question: Discuss about the Business Model Concept and Innovationfor Theoretical Construction. Answer: Introduction The business model is a theoretical construction supporting the goals, purpose, and viability to achieve individual goals. Purposes are part of the model that specifies how the organization performs its operation. Value drivers and value proposition define business model(Fields, 2016) .Business value drivers entails the brand and market plan, outstanding customers loyalty and knowledge, innovative product and product development, effectiveness and consistent in the product delivery. Therefore, value proposition determines the direction of the company; this is because the high the level of the value proposition the high the number of the potential customers. Hence, the business changes value propositions to achieve rapid growth and high-profit margin. While there are many different definitions of business models, there is an emerging consensus that the concept provides a holistic description of how firms create and appropriate value through interaction with its surrounding environment (Zott Amit, 2010) .Therefore, business model determines how the business generate revenue opportunities by selling its products; because of either minimal marketing strategy or lower cost of the supply of the raw materials. Of utmost importance is that the companys core principles are strategies, customers, organizational structures, business process, and operational policies (Rainey, 2010). Therefore, the business model of an organization, is how the company makes, provides and realize value as result of the environment where it is operating; social, economic or cultural environment Due to the changing in the consumption behavior and technology, the current business model should always not be static; not change as the firm runs its operation (Rainey, 2010). Business model should be dynamic due to the changes to the competitors venturing in the market segment with better business model. The way business creates and captures value propositions undergoing a very rapid change. When managers in the organization compete with a different model, the outcomes of the operation will differ. Competitive advantage can arise as a good modeling goes through cycles. It is important for the managers to make the right choices for the right model. New and old companies can market their business activities through technology advance to create the right model. The strategic objectives are important in the conceptualizing the idea which should be different from another competitor(Rainey, 2010). Development and sustainability of the concept is a result of core competencies of the organization and competitive positioning. Thus, conceptualization of the business idea to achieve the success of the innovation is by proper core competencies, targeting market and competitive positioning. For the examples, advancement of the technology makes company to change the business model. The business will fail if it does not match its technology with business modeling. Small business is not affected by the technology, and therefore the business modeling is not crucial to its operation. Static and dynamic business model differ in the business operation. Static business model is with small companies who intend not changes they process in the long run. Big enterprise should employ the dynamic business model to go with current technology as also to be competitive level with the close competitor (Zott Amit, 2010). The designing business model requires innovator and manager to have precise knowledge about the intelligent system, market research, and modern innovation. Business should organize its value chains and value capture to deliver the product required by the consumers. New to technology Third study Design and innovation Fourth study Business in value creation Familiar to technology First study Antecedents and consequences Business concept perception Second study Innovation and clarity in business model Old business model New business model Hybrid framework of business model(Baden-Fuller Morgan, 2010) The first quadrant conceptualizes antecedences and its consequences(Teece, 2010). There is a proper understanding of the concept and focuses precisely on academic journals. The second quadrant involves clarity and openness to the technology and external environment. Therefore, establishment is based on the existing technology. For instances the automobile industries. The third quadrant: focuses on the novelty and efficiency (Zott Amit, 2010).for example automated electronics like electric drives or testing equipment Fourth quadrants: identifies element of change and represents new technology; depicts the structure, content, and governance. Managers should make sure that the business model of the partnering business is achievable. On working on the firm model, partnering is one of the options one can consider(Zhang, 2009). The business model innovation beings with the consumers as an initial stage; how consumer perceives the changes to design such as new pricing, delivery, and new features. One needs to consider the market sizing, resources, functionality and time to market. In partnering design process, the partner should check if the partnering has innovation that you need to deliver to your potential customer(George Bock, 2012). The partnership consists of four processes; understand, design, evaluates and compare. Understanding means that your potential partner business model defines how the business operates. In design, partner weighs on the potential partnership when comparing the two models. Comparing is where partner look for the value that s (he) does not have and check if they can groove together(Piperopoulos, 2012). Evaluation, as to take place to test the impact of the other partner business model at this stage partners, should make a clear hypothesis to make sure every partner understand every aspect of it. Running a partnership requires operation cost, and therefore one should estimate business model if the transfer activity will have a substantial effect on resources, or if your partner can compensate .After calculation of the cost, innovation now is achievable, and two businesses can operate interdependently. Partnership opportunity can break if the one of the partners does not have appropriate value creation and value appropriation. Design contents are where the firm examines competition of the action and sequence and look for someone to perform those activities. Zott and Amit 2009 consider the content design and themes design in business design model as crucial (Zott Amit, 2010). In value creation, the theme's design is the most dominant value of the system. Design themes consist of the modeling and companys description like the channel of distribution, value appropriation, cost structuring, targeting segment and customers relationship. Zott and Amit views model in business as cost leadership and differentiation which comprises the market choices. For the new introduction of the product to the market, the business model is vital for, however, if the managers adopt the individual model to change it to the new one due to technology will be at big task due to the internal and external environment(Chesbrough, 2010). Conceptualization of the business is series of the dependent dealings establishing the business. Leaders integrate these events to form a business activity system. The revenue design compliments the model plan and product design correlates to the price strategies. Value appropriation depends on how the competitor puts pressure on the others firms Activity system enables businesses in the holistic system rather than on product activity(Berglund Sandstrm, 2013). Business conceptualization and business model innovation assists new theoretical development .The operation systems could be vital in developing the business model design which is predictive .researchers and scholars are unable to piece together between individual actions, model performance, and team activities. Conclusion The research focuses on the intra-firm factors since the consensus is that there is no clear definition and understanding of the business model innovation. There is a restriction of the firms to work since there is no bureaucracy control over others. Companies tend to fear the business model innovation due to competition over resources with large companies. The firm will fear to pursue such initiative due to the uncertainties of changes in the business model innovation. There is importance of establishing social norms and institutions; which basis on trust and business ethics. Secondly, knowledge sharing is vital to overcome the challenges of BMI across an independent organization. The success of the BMI does not depend on the hierarchical position one have in the firm. Therefore, businesses should look on how to incentive the parties participating. The research on the BMI is yet to be done thoroughly, thus theory development need to conclude the challenges and solution on business m odel innovation. References Baden-Fuller, C., Morgan, M. (2010). Business models as models. Long range planning, 43(2),. Berglund, H., Sandstrm, C. (2013). Business model innovation from an open systems perspective: structural challenges and managerial solutions. International Journal of Product Development, 18(3-4), 274-285. Chesbrough, H. (2010). Business model innovation: opportunities and barriers. In Long range planning (pp. 43(2), 354-363.). Fields, Z. (2016). Incorporating business models and strategies into social entrepreneurship. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference. George, G., Bock, A. (2012). Models of opportunity: How entrepreneurs design firms to achieve the unexpected. Cambridge University Press. Piperopoulos, P. (2012). Entrepreneurship, innovation and business clusters. Farnham: Gower. Rainey, D. (2010). Sustainable business development: inventing the future through strategy, innovation, and leadership. Cambridge: Rainey, D. L. (2010). Sustainable business development: inventing Cambridge University Press. Teece, D. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation. In Long range planning (pp. 43(2), 172-194.). Zhang, X. (2009). Values, expectations, ad hoc rules, and culture emergence in international cross-cultural management contexts. New York: Nova Science . Zott, C., Amit, R. (2010). Business model design: an activity system perspective. In Long range planning (pp. 43(2), 216-226).

Summary Of Oedipus Rex Essays - Operas, Oedipus The King, Oedipus

Summary Of Oedipus Rex Summary for Oedipus Rex The storytelling method that is employed in most classical writing, i.e. the Iliad and the Odyssey as well as Greek tragedy, allows for the development of two stories. One is the story of the now. The now is told through the actions and events of the play or story. The other story that is told is the past. The past is composed of stories that are told by characters and gives needed background information about the main characters and events. In Oedipus Rex, the realization of Oedipus's tyrannous rise to power is the now story. The story of Oedipus's birth and placement in the world is the past story. Both of these stories are woven into the play and each holds a place in the overall telling of the story. The now story in Oedipus begins with the scene in front of the palace of Oedipus at Thebes. In this scene, we find out that Thebes is experiencing hard times. The citizens of Thebes have come to Oedipus to find a solution. He sorrowfully tells them that he can think of no solution to the problem, however, he has sent Creon to ask the god Apollo for help. Creon returns and has good news. Apollo has given him the knowledge to remove the pestilence that is in Thebes. Oedipus, along with the other citizens of Thebes, is very interested in this information. Creon tells that the only solution to the pestilence is to expel the murderer of Laius, the former king of Thebes. Once again there is an unanswered question. How to find the murderer of Laius? Oedipus and Creon's pondering of the situation results in only one lead. One of the men that accompanied Laius when he was murdered lived through the ordeal. He knows only that it was a group of robbers that murdered Laius, not a single man. Seeming to be stuck on this problem, Oedipus takes the advice of Creon and sends for the seer Teiresias. Teiresias arrives. He does not bring the same news that Creon brought. Creon brought hope but Teiresias brings mystery and fear. He refuses to divulge the answer to the question because he worries that the knowledge could bring more harm then good. Oedipus, at first, pleads with Teiresias to realize the information and then begins to threaten him. Eventually, Teiresias explains that Oedipus is guilty of the crime, and that Oedipus is the answer to the question. Oedipus, now outraged, accuses Teiresias of plotting against Oedipus at the same time; he places this same charge on Creon. Creon returns and an argument commence between these two men. Creon is confused because he has always been a supporter of Oedipus and has never had aspirations to overthrow Oedipus. Oedipus is blind to rational thinking and proceeds to make unfounded accusations. Jocasta enters and breaks up the argument. She comforts Oedipus by suggesting that Teiresias is wrong and that humans have no place in prophecy. As they are talking, a messenger comes to tell Oedipus that his father is dead. This messenger also tells how Oedipus is not a son of Polybus by blood. The herdsman that had been sent for to be questioned about the death of Laius enters. Through the discussion of these men, it becomes apparent that Oedipus was most likely the son of Jocasta and Laius and that he is indeed the poison that has been plaguing the land. All leave except the Chorus. A messenger arrives to tell the Chorus about Jocasta and Oedipus's reaction. Jocasta had returned to her home and cursed the bed upon which she had slept with both Oedipus and Laius. She then hung herself. Oedipus returned. Finding Jocasta hung, he cut her down and removed the broaches from her dress and thrust them into his eyes. The play ends with Oedipus asking that Creon take care of his daughters and Thebes. Oedipus feels great shame. He has blinded himself because he does not want to see his father and mother in the after world. With this shame he leaves Thebes to wander the world. The past story is places into the now story to give depth and understanding to the events. Mystery plays a large

Kenisha Berry Killed One Infant and Attempted to Kill Another

Kenisha Berry Killed One Infant and Attempted to Kill Another On November 29, 1998, in Jefferson County, Texas, 20-year-old Kenisha Berry placed duct tape across the body and mouth of her 4-day-old son, placed him in a black plastic trash bag and left his body in a trash dumpster, resulting in his death. She was convicted of murder in February 2004 and sentenced to death, but her sentence was later  changed to  life  in prison. The 4-day-old dead child was found by a Beaumont, Texas couple looking for aluminum cans in the dumpster near their apartment. Named by concerned neighbors as Baby Hope, the police were contacted and the investigators were able to get a palm print off the trash bag and a fingerprint off of the duct tape, but the case remained unsolved until five years later. During the hot month of June 2003,  another newborn child named  Paris, was found abandoned in a ditch and covered in hundreds of fire-ant bites. The infant was hospitalized for almost a month due to seizures brought on by the bites. DNA and Print EvidenceA tipster told investigators that Berry was Paris mother and she eventually turned herself into the police. Past employment records show that Berry worked for four months as a prison guard at Dayton prison and as a day care worker at in Beaumont around the time of her arrest. A DNA test proved that Berry was also the mother of Baby Hope. Also, her palm and fingerprint matched the palm and fingerprint that had been found on the bag and duct tape. Berry also took the investigator in the Paris case to a dumpster where she  had thrown a pillowcase that she said had wrapped around the child. It was in the same trash can where Baby Hope was discovered. She was arrested and charged with the capital murder of her son  Malachi Berry (Baby Hope). The Trial According to the court records, Berry gave birth to the two children at home and kept their births a secret. She admitted to this to an agent with the Child Protective Services. According to the same agent, Berry had three other children, all fathered by the same man, and that they appeared to be unharmed. Berry told her that Malachi and Paris were fathered by different men and that none of her family knew about the pregnancies or the births of the two children. Berry also told her that on the day that Malachi was born, she had arranged for the children to stay with relatives. When they returned the following day, she told them that she was taking care of a baby for a friend. Berry testified in court that she did not kill  Malachi and that he appeared fine after she gave birth to him at her home. She explained that she left the infant asleep on the bed in her bedroom and went to the store to get milk. When she returned, she checked on Malachi who was still asleep. She then fell asleep on the couch and when she awoke she again checked on the infant, but that he was limp and not breathing. Realizing that he was dead, she said she was too scared to call for help because she did not know if it was legal to have a baby at home. Berry testified that she then duct taped his arms so that they would be in front of him and across his mouth because it bothered her that his mouth was opened. She then put him in a trash bag, borrowed her grandmothers car and placed the infant in the dumpster where his body was later discovered. The forensic pathologist that had performed the autopsy on  Malachi  testified that based on his finding, the cause of death was asphyxia due to smothering and ruled the death a homicide. The prosecutors believed that Berrys motive for murdering Malachi and later abandoning Paris in a ditch on the side of the road shortly after being born,  was an attempt to hide the fact that she had been pregnant, noting that she kept the children that shared the same father and discarded the children fathered by different fathers. Verdict and Sentencing Berry was found guilty in the first degree in the murder of  Malachi. She was sentenced to death  on Feb. 19, 2004. She was then resentenced to life in prison on May 23, 2007 ,  because the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals ruled that prosecutors failed to show that she would be a  danger to society in the future. For the death of Baby Hope, she is to serve a prison sentence of at least 40 years before being eligible for parole. For throwing Paris in a ditch of fire ants, Berry received an additional 20-year sentence.

My role model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My role model - Essay Example And this lady, born as Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu with ethnicity of Albania left her nation, kin and known environment and initiated her mission in India and served the poor, sick, orphans across the globe for more than forty five years. Thesis Statement This essay intends to examine and explore the way by which my life was motivated by the great works of the great lady called Mother Teresa. My Role Model Since my childhood only life of Mother inspired me to a great extent. She had that desperation, courage and strength to stand beside the poor and needy. Her life inspired me and captivated my spirit totally and very soon, I inculcated to stand by the side of the people who are really in need and distress. Once my locality was hit by a storm and after the calamity was over, by instinct, I felt to stand by the people who were the victims of the catastrophic calamity. While working for the people in distress, I recalled Mother again and again and it provided me immense mental and physical s trength to work like monster along with the disaster management cell of my area. We all are privileged with the love and care of our parents. We are blessed with a family that stays by our side through our thick and thin. But Mother took the pain to metamorphose herself into a universal Mother. She had love for all the children of the world. She loved us, like the son of God loved the mankind. This profound love for the children who are angles of heaven as Mother has seen them helped her to establish homes for the destitute. I was moved by the hardships and struggle Mother Teresa had to undergo to establish her homes in the city of Kolkata of India. I still do not have that much courage to stand beside the orphans in a way Mother stood and dedicated her life towards them. But the clarion call from inside helped me to sponsor a child for her education in one such homes. Whenever I meet her and spend some time with the child, I feel so blessed and happy from inside. This feeling canno t be made parallel with any other material pursuit in the world. Mother had immense potential. She worked for the sick across the globe. Not only she went for relief at the outbreak of any epidemic but laid the foundation and homes for the people who are suffering from acute congenital disease like tuberculosis and leprosy. She had immense network that launched awareness for HIV Aids, Tuberculosis and Leprosy. Her Leprosy mission is outstanding and she worked and contributed a lot to eradicate and aware people against HIV and Leprosy in the south-east Asia in particular. Her mission for the eradication of these diseases had spread across the globe very fast as well. While in my high school days when a community programme was launched for spreading the awareness against the HIV positive infection, I took active part in it. Under that programme, I got the opportunity to spread the awareness into the red light area of the city and meet the people, especially the women and children of t hose areas who live in darkness and get lost in that dark abbey of life easily. Along with awareness, these people need the light of education and care, love and empathy. The course of my life changed to a great extent after visiting this section of the society and in future I look forward to work for these underprivileged at a greater scale and on a more serious note. Conclusion Blessed Teresa of Kolkata is an entity which

Supply and Demand in Health Care Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supply and Demand in Health Care - Term Paper Example As people get old, their physical bodies degenerate and people lose the beauty that they had when younger as they grow older. However, people do not like getting old and the fact that this shows on their faces and bodies makes it even worse. People yearn for the energy and beauty of the youth, hence their desire for plastic surgery to continue looking younger even in their old ages. Cosmetic surgery can be done on any part of the body, but the most common include the face, nose, lips, arms, abdomen, female breasts, forehead, and upper parts of the legs. These are usually enhanced in order to make them tighter for the limbs and face, fuller for the lips, smaller for the nose, bigger for breasts and firmer for the abdomen. All these procedures are conducted on people of different ages, races and sex as people try to conform to the modern definition of beauty and functionality, which has set standards for each part of the body. The results and consequences of such procedures are not nec essarily appreciated by every person. Many of the people that have undergone plastic surgery are celebrities like actors, actresses, musicians, socialites and other people in the media who have images to maintain. Many have gone the plastic surgery way in order to maintain their looks, hence their images, which act as one of their best selling assets. Modern methods of plastic surgery have been performed on people since the First World War when reconstructive surgery was performed on injured soldiers to restore their wounded bodies and resume functionality. However, the science of cosmetic surgery dates back several centuries before in 800 BC where it was first performed in India by Sushruta, who is referred to as the father of plastic surgery (Gullette, 2011). Despite its being around for period longer than many medical procedures or even drugs like penicillin, cosmetic surgery is one of the most expensive medical procedures in the world. One reason for their phenomenal cost includ es the fact that people are willing to pay anything to remain young because of the absence of a drug that reverse the aging process that has been discovered yet, hence plastic surgery being the closest people can get to doing this. Other reasons for the high costs include the fact that the surgery is not a necessity but could be deemed a luxury, the need for special equipment to perform it and the scarcity of plastic surgeons that are very good at their work. People travel for thousands of miles from their countries to travel to clinics that specialize in plastic surgery, if only to maintain young looks (Gullette, 2011). The costs of cosmetic surgery are so prohibitive that normal people cannot access the services. Many people, probably out of vanity, have accrued huge amounts of debt by borrowing in order to undergo plastic surgery. This does not make sense financially because the procedure is more of a luxury than a necessity. The costs of undergoing plastic surger

Principles of magic and the mechanical philosophy Essay

Principles of magic and the mechanical philosophy - Essay Example Additionally, there was enchaining or bonding. The images that he presents are very detailed with various planetary natures that are always in action. The central point of these images is to communicate to the pneuma which is the astral body of the human beings and also the spirit. The soul of the person who views these images is attracted by them and thus apprehends them thus giving the person knowledge and wisdom. Therefore, the emphases for Bruno is the fact that there are always chains and bonds formed that are capable of communicating to the human soul. The chains and bonds that are supreme he referred to as vincula in his magic. He further goes on to say that: â€Å"There are three gates through which the hunter of souls [animarum venator] ventures to bind: vision, hearing and mind or imagination. If it happens that someone passes through all three of these gates, he binds most powerfully and ties down most tightly† (Bruno, 1997, p.155).In her book, the death of nature, Carolyn Merchant attempts to document the ecological and economic changes that were ongoing in Western Europe in the late 16th and early 17th century. Sweeping changes in both ecology and technology made it possible for there to be material conditions which facilitated the existence of new ideas. Although she cautions that her argument does not wholly support that material changes did not necessarily lead to ideological changes, she says that there are some ideas that appear more prevalent than others in a given period of time.in time. Furthermore, she claims that some ideas like those associated with magic and an organic view of the world become less compelling whereas the mechanical approaches are developed and adopted. There seems to be a back and forth argument in The Death of Nature between the social conditions as well as material conditions associated with nature and science. The strongest ideas are however those that are in support of the

Principles Of Systems Analysis Information Technology Essay

Principles Of Systems Analysis Information Technology Essay This assignment will discuss the principles of systems analysis and then two different methodologies used in the systems analysis process when designing computer systems. It will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the two methodologies. It will also show which method is the most appropriate for the case study. Finally it will also show a PowerPoint presentation of key drivers which force business organisation to invest in a new computer system. P1- Principles of Systems Analysis Development life cycles Development life cycle models identify the stages to which processes must be carried out in order to develop a successful system. Depending on the type of business that are requiring the new system, and the type of system they are hoping to have by the end, accounts for the type of model chosen to be used in order to build the system. Types of development life cycles include: waterfall model, rapid applications design (RAD), spiral model, the systems analysis and design (SAD), dynamic systems development methodology (DSDM) Development life cycles have different stages. For example, Development methodologies Methodologies are a way of structuring the development process of a computer system. They are the framework which is followed in order to make a system successful. Tools and techniques that can be used in order to develop a system include: Data flow diagrams: these outline the processes which happen between the business and its clients or customers, external systems and external organisations in order to identify the activities which will be taking place within the system along with the information which will be flowing within the system. CASE Tools: computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools aim to support the diagram designs and to make checks and changes where required. CASE tools have different uses. These include: diagram validation, diagram creation as well as report and code generating. Key drivers Key drivers force businesses to invest in a new computer system in order to improve or upgrade their current one. Some examples of key drivers include: the computers being too old, the current system no longer meeting government requirements, close competitors having better systems, the need for improved efficiency, or the business wanting to grow and expand. P2- Methodologies The waterfall model The waterfall model is a systems development cycle which identifies each stage the development of a system must go through. Initiation and planning Investigation Analysis Design Implementation Testing Maintenance Initiation and planning- is where all the businesses needs are taken into account as well as reviewing the current system to decide what exactly needs to be done to the system. If the initiation and planning stage is not carried out, it likely that the project will be unsuccessful. Investigation- this is the stage where the final decision is made about what exactly needs to be done to the system where factors such as budget and time are taken into consideration. Analysis- this is the stage where all the data needed to create or modify the system is collected. An initial idea is also considered and is sometimes tried out in order to see if there is a possibility of it working before the actual designing of the new system takes place. Design this stage works alongside the analysis to decide upon the best way to either create or modify the system. Here is where ideas are identified that was not noticed before, and others can be crossed off as not possible. Implementation all the work required to create the new system are separated into units. The software is the engineered by being written and coded so that the system can understand, before being debugged and the process of troubleshooting takes place. Testing this is the stage where each unit is trialled to see that it works with the other units as well as ensuring that the new system meets the specification originally set. Maintenance This is the stage which comes into sight only after the system is up and running. Some problems only occur once the system starts being practically used so during the maintenance stage, errors which have been found are corrected and the system can be modified accurately to fulfil its requirements. Also, the system can be constantly maintained so as not to need a brand new one, but can be updated in order to improve the systems efficiency when it starts to decline. P3- Advantages: Each stage can be given a deadline to be completed allowing the business knowing exactly when their system will be completed. Each stage is clear and they do not overlap making tasks that need to be carried out clear. This order ensures things are not left out, forgotten or left unfinished Disadvantages: Once the development has moved on from one stage from the next, it is difficult to go back and make amendments due to the waterfall model not being flexible. All specifications need to be made at the beginning, once the designing begins, changes cannot be made meaning once the client has submitted their request, they cannot build on or adapt it. P2- Rapid Applications Development (RAD) Like the waterfall model, the rapid applications development model is a model which identifies stages in which system goes through in order to be effectively developed. However, it is a more flexible development model compared with the waterfall model. Prototype Test Assess Design Design this is where the specification for the new system is made and an image can be drawn up of what is expected of the new system. Vitalities for the new system are taken into account and the professional work alongside the business to design a system to match all of the businesses requirements. Prototype a scaled down system is created and trialled in order to represent what the final finished system will be like. This helps to identify any minor adjustments that need to be made before the new, final system is put in place. These are usually built on and used in the final system helping to speed up the development of the new system. Test the system is tested to ensure everything works as it should as well as making sure all the requirements have been met and nothing was left out or forgotten. This is important as some things arent clear until the system is finished and starts being used for its purpose. Assess this is the stage where it is decided whether the system is fully suitable for use or whether it requires some modifications and more designing before it is completely ready to fulfil the purposes to which the business requires of it. P3- Advantages: The RAD Model is adaptable to changes and is fairly flexible The prototype stage allows a clear insight into what the final system will be like and allows changes to be made before the system is finalised The system development using the RAD model is generally quite short. There is a strong success rate due to the number of times the product is reviewed before it is made final. Reusing the created prototypes helps to reduce project cost and so keeping the budget low Disadvantages: Due to being created for just one particular need, if later on it is decided that the system needs to be expanded further or made bigger, it is difficult due to only being created specifically for a sole purpose. Is most successful when being used to build upon a current system. It is not ideal for larger businesses and projects I think that for in the case of the Selchester Hotel, it would best for them to use the Rapid Applications Development model rather than the Waterfall model. This is because it is more cost effective due to being able to build upon the current system rather than having to begin from scratch which also makes RAD a much quicker development model to use. The hotel is in constant demand of its clients and so cannot have its system unavailable for long periods of time. Also, although generally the RAD model isnt ideal for larger businesses, it allows adaptations to be made later on in the development which could be vital due to the hotel gaining or losing competition and so needing to enhance their systems to cope with their new circumstances. Finally, having prototypes created allows the hotel to be confident that their new system will be successful before it is finished and to be able to see what the final system will be like.

Legionella pneumophila :: Essays Papers

Legionella pneumophila GRAPH Introduction: Legionella pneumophila are gram-negative rods. They are very difficult to culture because of their complex nutrient requirements, such as cysteine, high concentrations of iron, and the use of activated charcoal agar. They survive as intracellular pathogens of either protozoa or human macrophages. They are most often found in stagnant water reservoirs like air conditioning cooling towers, whirlpool spas, humidifiers, faucets and shower heads, and are infectious when inhaled. L. pneumophila was first identified and named after the American Legion convention of 1976, held in Philadelphia, PA. 182 people became infected, and 29 died (most of which were older men or cigarette smokers). Although this organism was named in the 70’s, retrospective studies showed cases since 1943. GRAPH Diseases: L. pneumophila has a very wide range of effects. Healthy individuals usually go through an asymptomatic seroconversion, while less healthy people may undergo Pontiac Fever or Legionnaires’ Disease (LD). In 1968, employees at the county health department in Pontiac, Michigan came down with a fever, but the responsible pathogen was not identified at the time. It was frozen and later diagnosed as L. pneumophila. Pontiac Fever, being milder than LD, generally does not need treatment. Infected individuals will show fever, muscle aches, and headaches, and usually recover between 2-5 days. Pontiac Fever will present symptoms anywhere from a couple of hours to a couple of days after exposure, while LD takes 2-10 days to incubate. LD patients have fever, chills and a cough, with x-rays showing pneumonia. This more severe form usually prevails in elderly, cigarette smokers, people with chronic lung disease, or those who are immunocompromised, such as cancer or AIDS patients. Virulence: Being a gram-negative bacterium, L. pneumophila has lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that act as endotoxin within a human host. The presence of a flagella is thought to mediate adherence to human lung cells, thereby causing infection, since flagella-less strains do not cause disease. Once attached to human cells, the organism is engulfed by a macrophage where is utilizes the internal environment to multiply.

Should Medicaid and HMOs Be Allowed to Join Forces

First of all what is the definition of cost efficiency and quality or improvement quality? This is mainly looked at the cost per unit of output, when it comes to health care then one must measure the cost, I believe that to have an efficient Medicaid program we must have one that has better outcome for a given level of spending, it must be assessed by comparing spending and also the outcome of Medicaid programs. Hmos has the most restrictive form of health insuarance, whereby they restrict their subscribers choices to doctors and hospital in their networks,I think if the hmos join forces it would help if at first they are given choices of at least two or three hmos to choose from ,in return this should help Medicaid /medicare patient s have a choice of choosing their provider. Alot of states have contractwithprivate insurers to enroll medicaind recipients in managed care plans, this is to help reduce the expenses and also trying to the coordination care. From different website I found out that Medicaid hmo provide solidhealthcoverage, some have motivated Medicaid plans,which in return improve the care,butin reality majority ofmedicaid HMOs do not report comprehensive performance results that tends to be campaired accress the country in return this leaves the tax payers with a lack of objectives. I think what the plans need to do is to start planning and also reporting thoroughly so as to pay a the consummers and taxpayers better. I still believe that the physicians are participating less and less when it comes to mandatory HMO program for Medicaid beneficiaries, As we know traditional medicare HMO are very similar to the medicare managed care that exsisted before..

Our science and technology have a quickly development. In the international marketplace, there are many unusual and high technology products. The WritePass Journal

Our science and technology have a quickly development. In the international marketplace, there are many unusual and high technology products. Introduction Our science and technology have a quickly development. In the international marketplace, there are many unusual and high technology products. Introduction1. Background2. Design Specifications2.1 Voice Navigation System2.2 Article Identification2.4 Enquiry Service System2.5 Barrier Detection System3. Marketing Strategy3.1)  Ã‚  Description the blindness products in HK market3.2) The advantage and disadvantage of each productTraining a guide dog is too difficult and the prime cost is too high. It also has a life limited of the guide dog.3.3)   Functional comparison with our product4. RFID Technology Specification5.2 Operation of RFID Systems6. Methodology6.1 Hardware communication Diagram:6.2 The part of Enquiry Service System:6.3 The part of Article Identification:6.4 Article Identification Flow chart:6.5 Voice Navigation System Bus Arrival Detection System6.6 Voice Navigation System Bus Arrival Detection System Flow chart:7. Cash Flow ForecastAdvantageResearch result9. Project Lifecycles10. Project PlanningConclusionRelated Introduction Today, our science and technology have a quickly development. In the international marketplace, there are many unusual and high technology products. They usually make our life to be more convenient and easier to solve the different problem. However, the population  growth  in recent years, congenital  blindness  and blind people  with acquired  blindness, that the number for them was gradually increased. The blind people always need the help from walking stick, other people or guide dog to walk on the road. But there are no enough technology products to help the blind people that more easy way to know the obstructions in front of them. Therefore, we thought that we should design a product to help the blind people. The  present is  required  to  assist the blind people with  an  electronic  guide  system, effective and immediate  way  to improve their life. We need to develop  a product with  convenience  and low cost  system is very  important for them. The product should include helping them to walk on the road without barriers, to take the bus, to purchase in the supermarket, to know the pedestrian signals, to arrive at the destinations and have an emergency call etc. Also, this product is  used to mark the sound output to tell users the information. The blind people use of this  system,  they  can  get the useful of guide information  easier without asking the strangers on the street. These  are very important  for themselves. Finally, our team design to create a new product which fulfill the almost functions – it calls â€Å"Arm Channel†.   We hope that after our product come out; it will cause the universal of guide system in the world. And the product cost will become lower and lower with the developed technology. Then make the blind people can be easily and more convenience  to have a  better quality of their meaningful life. 1. Background The green land in a park, the blue sky, the sightseeing of the Victoria Park, I-pad, and 3D movie all of these can give people the visual and feeling of entertainment to people who are with the health of visual. Actually, somebody who locate in darkness world, they cannot see anything. They always rely on sense of sound, touch, smell and taste to living in their narrow community. According to the different research of the marketing information of the blindness in Hong Kong, we found out the numbers of people who are with vision disorder; analyze their necessary in the normal dairy life and their problems in Hong Kong. Furthermore, we found out some major product which applied in Hong Kong and similar product in the world to carry out the comparison which related to the dairy life of the blindness. Nowadays, there are about 73900 people with vision disorder in Hong Kong. They always rely on sound and sense of touch to detect the object from the surroundings. Then, the almost relevant products which sell in Hong Kong cannot fully satisfy the necessary with blind people. According to the article from the America foundation for blind (living in vision disorder), they noticed that the blind people need to learn the essential skill in vision loss, which include interdentally living, communication, mobility and low vision devices to adapt their dairy life. Therefore, in this project, we decide to invent the product which helps them to adapt the normal lift easily without learning the essential skill. After the comparison, we figure out our product is more functional than the other product in Hong Kong market and the similar product in the world. Also, the cost is reasonable too. On the other hands, our product has a large range for development and improvement area in the future. And the market potential in Hong Kong and the world is very high. The main reason is the reasonable cost and the multiple functions can satisfy the necessary of the blindness. 2. Design Specifications For our product – Arm Channel, we hope that the functions of product including helping them walk on the road without barriers, to take the bus, to purchase in the supermarket, to know the pedestrian signals, to arrive at the destinations and have an emergency call etc. And the main purpose of these functions should be totally dependent on themselves. Therefore, our team designs the five main themes which are suitable for our ideas and shown these below. 2.1 Voice Navigation System Build in speaker; To guide the user to the destinations; Preset a new location for user to follow. 2.2 Article Identification Build in speaker and digital camera; To compare the goods and the goods photo in database .Then tell the user of the price, expire date and the name of the products when they are buying in anywhere. 2.3 Bus arrival Detection System Build in speaker; To identifies the bus number when it arrived and then tell the user. 2.4 Enquiry Service System Build in simple machine connector box. User can connect the call center for enquiry or emergency; Download the new information to our product. 2.5 Barrier Detection System Build in speaker; To tell the user that has the barrier or not in front of them. 3. Marketing Strategy In the Hong Kong market, the government plan to carry out the improvement of the public facility community, call â€Å"disability friends’, which include blind navigation system, blind person stone and write cane etc. These products are the common product in HK market now. But these products are not enough to satisfy their necessary, because they cannot buy something, take the transportation, and tell them the real location by themselves. Therefore, we directly against with these problem, we create our product Arm Channel. At the below table, there are divided 3 parts, that are 1) description the blindness products in HK market, 2) state their advantage and disadvantage of the products and 3) the functional comparison with our product. 3.1)  Ã‚  Description the blindness products in HK market Product function Blind People Stone: Flooring and paving for blind people to show the direction or exit location. Blind People Mobile Phone The blind people mobile phone is easy to use and carry. It can save one or two phone number in its memory. It also has a SOS function key on the mobile phone. White Cane It can help blind people to find out the Barrier in front of them Guide Dog The Guide dog can guide the blind people to the destination safety Navigate hermit Help the blind navigate around the obstacles in their part, and thought them go to the destination using GPS RFID Stick Tell them the location, signal for traffic light, distance between the destination and time to achieve Guide shoe Help the blind navigate around the obstacles in their part, and thought them go to the destination use GPS 3.2) The advantage and disadvantage of each product Product advantage disadvantage Blind People Stone: Its manufacture cost is not expensive Its construction costs and period are very high and long. Also, it produces sound pollution during the implementation. Blind People Mobile Phone It is a good media for provide a communication method for the blind people It can’t indicate the location for the user or show the destination direction to the user. White Cane Convenient to find out the Barrier It can’t indicate the location for the user or show the destination direction to the user Guide Dog Social experience, autonomy for changing environment Training a guide dog is too difficult and the prime cost is too high. It also has a life limited of the guide dog. And cannot bring the dog into the bus or other transportation. Navigate hermit Convenient to find out the Barrier Can take the user to the right location easily as a long way Can not help the to communicate to other person easily RFID Stick Can take the user to the right location easily, decrease the opportunity of traffic accident event Can change the location voluntary The technology is very expensive and cant take them as a long way Guide shoe Effective for outdoor navigation, Convenient to find out the Barrier That make the user very inconvenient when there are very rough 3.3)   Functional comparison with our product Voice navigation Article identification Bus arrival detection Barrier detection enquiry service Arm Channel Y Y Y Y Y Blind People Stone N N N Y Y Blind people mobile phone Y N N N Y White Cane N N N Y N Guide dog N N N Y N Navigate hermit Y N N Y N RFID Stick Y N N Y N Guide shoe Y N N Y N *(Y – Yes  Ã‚   N – No) 4. RFID Technology Specification Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a technology that uses communication via radio waves to exchange data between a reader and an electronic tag attached to an object, for the purpose of identification and tracking. RFID technology makes it possible to give each product in a grocery store its own unique identifying number. Compare that to the situation today, with bar codes, where it is only possible to identify the brand and type of package. Furthermore, RFID tags can be read if passed within close enough proximity to an RFID tag reader. The brief differences between the Barcode technology and RFID: Parameter Bar Code RFID Frequencies used for tag reading Optical frequencies Radio frequencies Type of communication Line of sight communication Non-line of sight communication Data Volume Physical limitation exists. It is very difficult to read a very long barcode. Can carry relatively large volume of data. Range of data readability Very limited range, less than feet or two. Can be read up to several feet. Cost Cheap Expensive, but likely to cost less as more industries adopt the technology. Benefits of RFID Can identify moving object that have tags embedded. Can be used in different environments, including live stock, military Non-line of sight identification of tags Unaccompanied operations are possible, minimizing human errors and high cost. Larger area of coverage. Up to several feet.   Automatic integration with back end software solutions provide end to end integration of data in real time RFID can be used in addition to Bar Code. 5.1 Active and Passive RFID Tags: There are primarily two types of RFID tags. One is active and the other is passive. An active tag is powered using internal battery, where a passive tag gets energized using a power from a tag reader. A passive RFID tag will not have a battery or any kind of power source by itself. It extracts the required energy from a reader. Hence, a passive RFID tag reader must be able to emit stronger electromagnetic signals, and in return, identify very weak signals from the passive RFID tag. The primary differences between a Passive and Active RFID tags Passive RFID Active RFID Power Source External (Reader provided) Internal (Battery) Tag Readability Only within the area covered by the reader, typically up to 3 meters. Can provide signals over an extended range, typically up to 100 meters.. Energize A passive tag is energized only when there is a reader present. An active tag is always energized. Magnetic Field Strength High, since the tag draws power from the electromagnetic field provided by the reader. Low, since the tag emits signals using internal battery source. Shelf Life Very high, ideally does not expire over a life time. Limited to about 5 years, the life of a battery. Data storage Limited data storage, typically 128 bytes. Can store larger amounts of data. Cost Cheap Expensive Size Smaller Slightly bulky (due to battery) 5.2 Operation of RFID Systems Various components of the tag are as shown. Normally, the antenna is external to the tag chip, and large in size The operation of the RFID tag is described belo The reader continuously emits Radio Frequency carrier signals, and keeps observing the received RF signals for data. The existence of tag (passive tag) modulates the RF field, and the same is detected by the reader. The passive tag absorbs a small portion of the energy emitted by the reader, and starts sending modulated data when sufficient energy is acquired from the RF field produce by the reader. Note that the data modulation (modulation for 0s and 1s) is accomplished by either direct modulation or FSK or Phase modulation. The reader demodulates the signals received from the tag antenna, and decodes the same for further processing. 6. Methodology First, there is the introduction of the software and hardware devices that we used in our product. Software: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Labview 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Labview Vision module 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MySQL Database 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MS speech SDK5.1 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   AT command Hardware: 6.1 Hardware communication Diagram: 6.2 The part of Enquiry Service System: Enquiry service system includes emergency SMS and call center service function. We used the LabView to build up the software which is used to control the mobile phone to send the emergency SMS or make a call to call center. The communication protocol is used Bluetooth to build a connection between the UMPC and Mobile phone. Nowadays, there is the standard control command for mobile phone which is call ‘AT command’. Therefore, we can use the AT command to control the mobile phone to send the SMS or make a call. Flow chart of Enquiry Service System: 6.3 The part of Article Identification: The Article identification is used to identify the product function. The program that we used Labview Vision module will through the video camera to capture the real time video input. Then, it will load the article templates from our database and identify which template was matched to the input article video. According to the result, the program will read the article name through the ear phone to tell the user. 6.4 Article Identification Flow chart: 6.5 Voice Navigation System Bus Arrival Detection System Since, we installed the RFID tags in each locations and the bus. The user can through the LabView program and the RFID tags to analyze the location and the bus. First, the program will make the decoding and filtering when the RFID reader received the tags signal. Next, it will identify the location name or bus number by the tag ID from MySQL database. Moreover, it will use the MS speech SDK functions to do voice prompt. The user can through the ear phone to listen the location name or bus number. 6.6 Voice Navigation System Bus Arrival Detection System Flow chart:    7. Cash Flow Forecast Cost planning service Cost and benefit Proposed Budget Plan PARTICULARS UNIT COST PER UNIT TOTAL COST box 1 $10 $10 AI switch 2 $10 $20 UM PC 1 $5,000 $5,000 RFID Receiver 1 $300 $300 RFID 8 $10 $80 Part A $5,410 Expenditures UNIT COST PER UNIT TOTAL COST Banner 1 $350 $350 Catalogs 20 $5 $100 Bag 1 $200 $200 Headphone 1 $50 $50 Miscellaneous $500 $500 Part B $1,200 PM Maintenance fee UNIT COST PER UNIT TOTAL COST PM Cost 1 5% of PartA $270 Maintenance Fee 1 10% of PartA+PartB $660 PartC $930 Total Cost( A+B+C ) : $7,540 Proposed Benefits Plan Plan  Ã‚   A Plan  Ã‚   B Plan  Ã‚   C Months/Plan price $138 $248 $398 12 $1,656 $2,976 $4,776 24 $3,312 $5,952 $9,552 Months/Product price $8,000 $7,500 $7,000 12 $9,656 $10,476 $11,776 24 $11,312 $13,452 $16,552 Net Benefits(Total Benefits Product Cost ) Months/ Plan Type Plan  Ã‚   A Plan  Ã‚   B Plan  Ã‚   C 12 $2,116 $2,936 $4,236 24 $3,772 $5,912 $9,012 Proposed Virtual Expenditures Virtual Expenditures UNIT Time COST PER UNIT   COST Team member time 8 members 2hrs(extra work)+3 hrs x   8 lessons $100 $20,800 Consultation time $150 Workshop time $150 Total $20,800 8. Advantage of our product Advantage In this section, there are divided as two parts, which are research result and comparison result with other product. In the research result, it is shown how many people with seeing difficulty and blind in Hong Kong, America and in the world. In the comparison result with other product, it is shown the different between our product and the other product in the world. Research result (Key points) In Hong Kong, about 73 900 persons were with seeing difficulty, 6 500 people of them are blind, according to research of Hong Kong Cerise and Statistic Department. In 2000. In America, about 10.5 million persons were with seeing difficulty; 10.5 million people of them are blind, according to research of America community survey in 2008. In America, about 15 million persons were with seeing difficulty, according to research of Prevent Blindness of in 2009. About 314 million persons were with seeing difficulty; 45 million people of them are blind, 87% are living in Developing Country, according to research of Would Health Organization. In May 2009. Observation: The marketing is not only Hong Kong, this is avoidable globally. the result is shown the trendy is increasing Our product should be user friendly and the cost need to reasonable. Comparison result with other product In the functional test, which refer to the page 6 (comparison with other product). Our product can carry out the basic function, such as barrier detection and voice navigation. But when we have the enquire service, which is the most important function, because most of the people need to take the mobile phone for communication every day. Our product has provided the basic and important function; the article indemnification and bus arrival function are the specific functions. 9. Project Lifecycles We identify the project lifecycles with four phases: The first phase in the project lifecycle is Project Initiation. We define the project purpose, scope and the justification for initiating it. We also need to find a suitably project team before the project planning phase. In the product lifecycle, the curial part is project planning which is a guideline for the team during the project. Throughout the project, groups of management take a role to monitor and control the deliverable being output throughout the project, such as quality control, time and risk management etc. The project can be performed the closure once all the deliverables has been produced. Project closure includes releasing the final deliverables to the customers, assess and review to identify the level of project success and note any recommendation for future project 10. Project Planning This is our project planning at semester 1 This is our project planning at semester 2 Conclusion Technology has been being developed very fast in recent years; people get many advantages form the technology, people get more comfort to their life, what is that technology? Such as following: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mobile phone makes people faster and easier to communication. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Video conferencing make people no need to by car, by plane for seeing his / her family and friends, we just need a computer with a web camera. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Internet makes people get information just in few seconds. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GPS makes people easier to go to anywhere; no matter you are driving or walking. But why some people cannot get these advantages from the technology? Those people around the world, they live at any place of the world. Who is that people? Such as blinders! What is the goal in our project? Why we use technology to help blinders. We want blinders live comfortable, easier and go anywhere as they want! From the beginning of the project, one of two kind of technology may be choose, one is GPS and another one is RFID. Why we have not choice GPS? Due to GPS cannot be used inside a building, when a blinder inside a building, GPS cannot guide him / her to the destination. Therefore we choice RFID for our project! RFID is rising technology, RFID has some advantages such as more accurate, installed inside buildings, some other technologies will be incorporated in our project such as Bluetooth, camera for thing identification. What is the RFID used in our project? We use RFID to build and guiding system which can guide the blinders easily to go to anywhere by himself or herself! When the blinder want to go to somewhere, he / her can make a call to customer center to tell them where you want to go! They can know nowhere you are from the guiding system and they transmit the routing from the customer center to your guiding system to guide you to the destination! Bluetooth is use for communication between the guiding system, hands free headset and mobile phone, you can make a call to customer center by press a button, when the connection between you and customer center, you can talk to customer center by the hands free headset. If you want to make a SOS call to the customer center, you can press the SOS button to make an emergency to customer center, the customer center can know where you are by the guiding system, and then customer center call people to help you, meanwhile when you pressed the SOS button, it will automatically send SMS to your family for notice them you are in trouble! They can know where you are from the customer center. Camera is used to identify things or products, when you activate the camera identification function; the camera will let you know what the thing which is in front of you? This function can makes blinder shopping easier. What are difficulties in our project? When the subject of our project was decided, we had to decided how many functions the guiding system shall equipped? Some functions had been decided should be include in the guiding system such as following: 1)   Voice navigation 2)    Article identification 3)   Bus arrival detection system 4)   Enquiry service system 5)    Barrier detection system First difficulty thing is that how big is our product? How we can minimize the size of the product? Finally we decided minimize the size of the product is not our first priority, how to make the product must be placed in first priority, therefore minimize the size of the product will be placed at the last priority. Second difficulty thing is that the detection range is too large, we want the detection range between 0.5 meter and 1 meter, therefore the accuracy will be increased and how we can shorten the detection range of the RFID system? We decided to use some metal enclosure to enclose the RFID reader to reduce the output power of the reader, so the detection range of the RFID reader can be reduced. Third difficulty thing is what software can be used for the announcement and speaking system? From our review and research, we found a software, we can modify it for speaking many sentences, it can be used to tell the user information. How the identify a thing or product and tell the user what is it? We used another software to do it, this software can scan a photo which is taken by the camera in the system to compare with the building database, when the software find a match data, it will let the user know what is the thing or product he is facing. We are individually testing each component into project, some function such as BUS ARRIVAL and BARRIER DETECTION are still pending and waiting us to incorporate into the guiding system after we complete one system other system will be incorporated into the guiding system one by one. When all functions are tested, we will start to combine them to a whole system. In this project we act different characters in a company, such as following: 1)    Managing director 2)    Secretary 3)    Finance 4)   Project planning and control 5)   Design 6)   Quality control 7)   Engineer 8)    Sales and marketing We have not try to run a project in Role Playing mode before, we were facing many challenges in this project, such as very tight progress, we do our best to face that challenge, at the end of this trimester, we produced a prototype guiding system, it can work, but it is not working perfect, due to the guiding system is under development, we will try to make it as good as possible at incoming trimester. Finally we hope we can act any character better in the project and we will complete the project at incoming trimester.

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